Biotechnology introduction  I  a brief Biotech Timeline

 

How Biotechnology works 

The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) from different organisms is essentially the same  -- simply a set of instructions that directs cells to make the proteins that are the basis of life.  Whether the DNA is from a microorganism, a plant, an animal or a human, it is made from the same materials. 

Throughout the years, researchers have discovered how to transfer a specific piece of DNA from one organism to another. 

A researcher’s first step in transferring DNA is to 'cut'or remove a gene segment from a chain of DNA using enzyme 'scissors' to cut at a specific site along the DNA strand.

The researcher then uses these 'scissors' to cut an opening into the plasmid -- the  ring of DNA often found in bacteria outside of a cell.  Next, the researcher 'pastes' or places the gene segment are chemically 'sticky', they attach to each other, forming a plasmid containing the new gene. To complete the process, researchers use another enzyme to paste or secure the new gene in place. 

Decades of research have allowed specialists to apply their knowledge of genetics to improve various crops, such as corn, soybeans, canola, cotton and potatoes. 

Our researchers continue to work carefully to ensure that improved crops are the same as current crops, except for the addition of one beneficial trait which, for example, protects them from a particular insect or virus.

  Biotechnology introduction  I  a brief Biotech Timeline